The Indian Constitution stands out as one of the world’s longest written constitutions, enshrining vital fundamental rights that protect its citizens' dignity and freedom. Articles 23 to 30 are particularly significant as they establish key pillars related to personal freedom, equality, and culture. In this post, we will dive into the judicial interpretations of these articles, focusing on the right against exploitation, freedom of religion, and cultural and educational rights. Let's explore how these rights safeguard individuals in India.

Prohibition against Forced Labour (Article 23)

Article 23 clearly prohibits human trafficking and forced labor, a crucial provision aimed at ensuring every citizen's right to work voluntarily under fair conditions. This article reflects a solid commitment to human dignity.

The Supreme Court of India has taken a strong stance against any form of coercion to work. For example, in People's Union for Democratic Rights vs. Union of India (1982), the Supreme Court ruled that bonded labor practices must be declared illegal. This landmark case highlighted how economic vulnerability should never justify forced labor.

In recent times, the interpretation of Article 23 continues to evolve. The case of K. K. Saxena vs. Rajiv Gandhi College of Education (2006) reaffirmed that protections against forced labor apply across various contexts, including modern-day exploitation through human trafficking, where individuals may be manipulated or coerced into labor under abusive conditions.

Prohibition against Child Labour (Article 24)

Article 24 complements the prohibition of forced labor by specifically banning child labor in hazardous industries. This article represents a significant step toward the protection of children’s rights in India and has led to critical changes in legislation aimed at safeguarding those rights.