National and International Environment Law MCQ with Answer
- www.lawtool.net
- Jun 5
- 4 min read
Updated: Jun 5
National Environmental Law MCQs
Which of the following is the umbrella act for environment protection in India?
A) The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
B) The Forest Conservation Act, 1980
C) The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
D) The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
Answer: C
Which Article of the Indian Constitution deals with the protection and improvement of the environment?
A) Article 48A
B) Article 21
C) Article 51A(g)
D) All of the above
Answer: D
The National Green Tribunal (NGT) was established in which year?
A) 2005
B) 2010
C) 2015
D) 2020
Answer: B
Which Indian law governs the management of hazardous waste?
A) Air Act, 1981
B) Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
C) Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016
D) Forest Conservation Act, 1980
Answer: C
Which of the following is NOT a function of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)?A) Advising the Central Government
B) Issuing environmental clearances
C) Coordinating activities of State Boards
D) Conducting research on pollution control
Answer: B
Which body in India is primarily responsible for granting environmental clearances for major projects?
A) State Pollution Control Boards
B) Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC)
C) Central Pollution Control Board
D) National Biodiversity Authority
Answer: B
What is the penalty for contravention of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986?
A) Fine up to ₹10,000
B) Imprisonment up to 5 years and/or fine up to ₹1,00,000
C) Only a warning
D) No penalty
Answer: B
Which Indian case is known for introducing the “Polluter Pays Principle”?
A) M.C. Mehta vs Union of India (Oleum Gas Leak case)
B) Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum vs Union of India
C) Subhash Kumar vs State of Bihar
D) Rural Litigation vs State of UP
Answer: B
Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in environmental matters was first entertained in which Indian case?
A) S.R. Bommai vs Union of India
B) M.C. Mehta vs Union of India
C) Bandhua Mukti Morcha vs Union of India
D) Ratlam Municipality vs Vardhichand
Answer: D
The ‘Precautionary Principle’ is associated with:
A) Forest conservation
B) Risk management in environmental decision-making
C) Wildlife protection
D) Afforestation
Answer: B
Which of the following is not a schedule under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972?
A) Schedule I
B) Schedule II
C) Schedule V
D) Schedule VII
Answer: D
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in India is mandatory under which act/rules?
A) Forest Conservation Act, 1980
B) Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
C) EIA Notification under Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
D) Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
Answer: C
Which court in India has a special “green bench” to deal with environmental cases?
A) Supreme Court of India
B) Delhi High Court
C) Calcutta High Court
D) Madras High Court
Answer: C
Which principle states that the person responsible for pollution should bear the cost of managing it?
A) Precautionary Principle
B) Sustainable Development
C) Polluter Pays Principle
D) Absolute Liability Principle
Answer: C
The Indian Forest Act was originally enacted in which year?
A) 1927
B) 1980
C) 1972
D) 1950
Answer: A
International Environmental Law MCQs
Which international conference is considered the starting point of modern international environmental law?
A) Earth Summit, 1992
B) Kyoto Protocol, 1997
C) Stockholm Conference, 1972
D) Paris Agreement, 2015
Answer: C
The Kyoto Protocol deals primarily with:
A) Biodiversity conservation
B) Ozone layer protection
C) Climate change and greenhouse gas emissions
D) Marine pollution
Answer: C
The Montreal Protocol is related to:
A) Acid rain
B) Biodiversity
C) Ozone-depleting substances
D) Desertification
Answer: C
Which of the following is a legally binding international treaty on biodiversity?
A) CITES
B) UNFCCC
C) Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
D) Basel Convention
Answer: C
The principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities" was established in:A) Rio Declaration, 1992B) Kyoto Protocol, 1997C) Paris Agreement, 2015D) Stockholm Declaration, 1972
Answer: A
Which treaty aims to protect endangered species of wild fauna and flora?
A) UNFCCC
B) CBD
C) CITES
D) UNCLOS
Answer: C
Which international agreement sets binding obligations on industrialized countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions?
A) Montreal Protocol
B) Kyoto Protocol
C) Paris Agreement
D) Cartagena Protocol
Answer: B
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was adopted in:
A) 1972
B) 1992
C) 1997
D) 2000
Answer: B
Which international convention deals with the control of transboundary movements of hazardous wastes?
A) Basel Convention
B) Aarhus Convention
C) Nagoya Protocol
D) Espoo Convention
Answer: A
The Paris Agreement under the UNFCCC was adopted in which year?
A) 2012
B) 2015
C) 2017
D) 2018
Answer: B
Which principle implies that nations have the sovereign right to exploit their own resources, but also the responsibility not to harm other states?
A) Sustainable Development
B) Principle of Intergenerational Equity
C) Principle 21 of the Stockholm Declaration
D) Polluter Pays Principle
Answer: C
Which global agreement addresses biosafety and genetically modified organisms (GMOs)?
A) Kyoto Protocol
B) Cartagena Protocol
C) Paris Agreement
D) Ramsar Convention
Answer: B
The Ramsar Convention is related to:
A) Desertification
B) Wetland Conservation
C) Marine Biodiversity
D) Air Pollution
Answer: B
The “Earth Summit” held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 is also known as:
A) Rio+10
B) United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED)
C) UNFCCC Convention
D) Green Planet Conference
Answer: B
Which international body coordinates the work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)?
A) UNEP and WMO
B) UNFCCC
C) UNESCO
D) IUCN
Answer: A
National and International Environment Law MCQ with Answer
Comments